Childhood Cancer and the Family: A Pilot Proposal for Comprehensive Intervention at the Time of Diagnosis.

Childhood cancer has a great impact on children and their environment. To minimize this, countries such as Canada and the USA have protocols in the field of social work, although these are scarce in Europe and especially in Spain. This paper aims to develop a pilot protocol in Aragon (Spain) for the practice of onco-pediatric social work in one of the hardest moments: the diagnosis. For its elaboration, a previous study was carried out in three phases, which provided data on the disease and its impact on the family and children and a methodological basis for the intervention from social work, all considering the participation of the agents involved as a fundamental element. Variables have been identified that influence the impact on the family support network and its quality of life at the time of diagnosis of childhood cancer. In addition, different indicators have been explored, based on the reality of these families. Finally, a pilot proposal for a comprehensive family intervention protocol in the diagnosis of childhood cancer has been elaborated. This work is intended to be a guide for intervention and delimitation of quality standards to be considered when dealing with the diagnosis of childhood cancer.

Storytelling: una metodología de aprendizaje activo para la enseñanza de la psicología social en la educación superior / Storytelling: a methodology for active learning in Social Psychology teaching

En los últimos años la educación superior está promoviendo el uso de metodologías activas para la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En este artículo se analiza la utilidad del storytelling en la enseñanza de Psicología Social. Con este fin, 363 estudiantes universitarios participaron en la investigación, realizando una práctica grupal en la que debían escribir una historia utilizando conceptos de la asignatura, elaborar un informe explicativo, y leer las historias de otro grupo. Asimismo, cumplimentaron unos cuestionarios de valoración tanto de la práctica de storytelling como de otras dos representativas de la asignatura. La metodología empleada fue tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa. Los resultados muestran que el storytelling es percibido por los estudiantes como útil y es mejor valorado que los ejercicios de comparación, además de predecir el rendimiento académico (calificaciones en el examen teórico). Por último, se debaten las limitaciones del estudio (como la ausencia de grupo control) y las oportunidades de investigación futura, generalizando a otras áreas de conocimiento e incorporando una exposición pública de las historias desarrolladas

In recent years, higher education is promoting the use of active methodologies to improve the teaching-learning process. This paper analyzes the usefulness of storytelling in Social Psychology teaching. To that end, 363 university students participated in the research, performing a group exercise in which they had to write a story using concepts of Social Psychology, prepare an explanatory report, and read the stories of another group. Moreover, they also completed questionnaires assessing both the storytelling exercise and two other representative exercises of the subject. The methodology used was both quantitative and qualitative. The results show that storytelling is perceived as useful and it's valued higher than the comparison exercises by the students, in addition to predicting the academic performance (grades in the theory test). Finally, the limitations of the study are discussed, such as the absence of a control group and opportunities for further research, and also generalizing to other areas of knowledge and incorporating a public presentation of the stories

Spanish version of 'Self-Efficacy for Writing Scale' (SEWS) / Versión Española de la 'Self-Efficacy for Writing Scale' (SEWS)

Self-efficacy is a fruitful construct on psychological research, including the educational setting. The present study is focused on measuring the writing self-efficacy. Specifically, we translated into Spanish the 'SelfEfficacy for Writing Scale' (SEWS; Bruning, Dempsey, Kauffman, McKim, & Zumbrunn, 2013) and assessed its psychometric properties on a sample of university students. Five hundred and twelve students (78% women, 22% men) from three different Spanish universities participated in our study. They filled a questionnaire that includes the Spanish version of SEWS, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Self-Efficacy for Writing. Results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis has shown that SEWS keep their dimensionality in the Spanish version (explained variance of 65.86%), being composed by Ideation (α = .90), writing Conventions (α = .89), and Self-regulation of writing (α = .90). The correlations with the General SelfEfficacy Scale are high, but higher with the Self-Efficacy for Writing, outlining that are measuring the same construct. We also found than men report higher values on the overall SEWS and two of its dimensions (Ideation and Conventions). Finally, we discuss the implications of these results, point out the main limitations of our study, and suggest further research avenues (AU)

La autoeficacia es un constructo muy utilizado en Psicología. El presente estudio se centra en el ámbito educativo y, más concretamente, en la adaptación de la 'Self-Efficacy for Writing Scale' (SEWS; Bruning, Dempsey, Kauffman, McKim, y Zumbrunn, 2013), desarrollada para medir autoeficacia para la escritura. Participaron en el estudio 512 estudiantes (78% mujeres, 22% hombres) de tres universidades españoles distintas. Todos ellos completaron un cuestionario que incluía la versión española de la escala SEWS, además de la Escala de Autoeficacia General y la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Escritura. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio muestran que la prueba mantiene su dimensionalidad, con una varianza explicada de 65.86% y tres factores: Ideación (α = .90), Convenciones (α = .89), y Autorregulación (α = .90). Las correlaciones con la Escala de Autoeficacia General son elevadas, pero aún más con la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Escritura, sugiriendo este último dato que se trata del mismo constructo. Asimismo, se encuentra que los hombres muestran mayores valores de autoeficacia en la escala SEWS (general) y en dos de sus dimensiones (Ideación y Convenciones). Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados, señalándose las principales limitaciones del estudio y sugerencias de investigación futura (AU)

Development and validation of the scale of psychological abuse in intimate partner violence (EAPA-P) / Desarrollo y validación de la Escala de Abuso Psicológico Aplicado en la Pareja (EAPA-P)

BACKGROUND: In the context of intimate partner violence, psychological abuse (PA) has progressively gained scientific relevance. Even so, a greater effort is needed to define and evaluate psychological intimate partner abuse. A new exhaustive and operative taxonomy of PA strategies leads to the contribution of a new evaluation instrument. METHOD: Participants were 101 women between 24 and 82 years old, who were abused by their partners and attended to in different municipal Catalan services, specialized in the topic. RESULTS: The analyses have shown the suitability of a 19-item instrument divided into two factors: (1) direct PA strategies and (2) indirect PA strategies. The former includes strategies that affect the emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimension of the victim. The latter includes items that measure the amount of control and domination over the victim's context. This scale has adequate psychometric properties in terms of score reliability and the validity of the relationship with other women's health variables. CONCLUSIONS: The EAPA-P, created based on a new definition and taxonomy of the forms of PA, is presented as a valid instrument to detect and measure intimate partner PA

ANTECEDENTES: en el contexto de la violencia en la pareja, la de tipo psicológico ha ido ganando relevancia científica. Aun así, es preciso un mayor esfuerzo para delimitar y evaluar el abuso psicológico (AP) en la pareja. Una nueva taxonomía de estrategias de AP da pie a la aportación de un nuevo instrumento de evaluación. MÉTODO: han participado 101 mujeres maltratadas por su pareja, de entre 24 y 82 años, y atendidas en diferentes servicios municipales especializados en el tema. RESULTADOS: los análisis han mostrado la idoneidad de un instrumento de 19 ítems distribuidos en dos factores: (1) estrategias directas de AP y (2) estrategias indirectas de AP. El primero agrupa las estrategias que inciden en la dimensión emocional, cognitiva y conductual de la víctima. El segundo recoge aquellas que persiguen el control y la dominación sobre el contexto de la misma. Dicha escala posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas en lo que se refiere a la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones y la validez de relación con otras variables relacionadas con la salud. CONCLUSIONES: la EAPA-P se presenta como herramienta válida para detectar y medir el AP en la pareja

Development and validation of the scale of psychological abuse in intimate partner violence (EAPA-P).

BACKGROUND: In the context of intimate partner violence, psychological abuse (PA) has progressively gained scientific relevance. Even so, a greater effort is needed to define and evaluate psychological intimate partner abuse. A new exhaustive and operative taxonomy of PA strategies leads to the contribution of a new evaluation instrument. METHOD: Participants were 101 women between 24 and 82 years old, who were abused by their partners and attended to in different municipal Catalan services, specialized in the topic. RESULTS: The analyses have shown the suitability of a 19-item instrument divided into two factors: (1) direct PA strategies and (2) indirect PA strategies. The former includes strategies that affect the emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimension of the victim. The latter includes items that measure the amount of control and domination over the victim’s context. This scale has adequate psychometric properties in terms of score reliability and the validity of the relationship with other women’s health variables. CONCLUSIONS: The EAPA-P, created based on a new definition and taxonomy of the forms of PA, is presented as a valid instrument to detect and measure intimate partner PA.

Group psychological abuse: taxonomy and severity of its components / Abuso psicológico en grupos: taxonomía y severidad de sus componentes

The purpose of this study was to delimit group psychological abuse through a psychosocial approach. An operational definition of the phenomenon and a taxonomy of group psychological abuse strategies were proposed based on a review of the scientific literature. A panel of 31 experts in the area evaluated the content of the taxonomy and judged the severity of the strategies through a Delphi study. Group psychological abuse was defined by the application of abusive strategies, their continued duration, and their ultimate aim, i.e., subjugation of the individual. The taxonomy showed adequate content validity. Experts’ judgments allowed for hierarchically organizing the strategies based on their severity, being the most severe those directed to the emotional area. Operationalizing, classifying, and organizing the strategies hierarchically contributes to a better delimitation of the phenomenon, which is useful for both the academic and applied fields (AU)

Se diseñó un estudio con el propósito de delimitar el abuso psicológico en grupos desde una aproximación psicosocial. A partir de una revisión de la literatura científica, se propuso una definición del fenómeno y una taxonomía de las estrategias de abuso psicológico en grupos. Un panel de 31 expertos evaluó el contenido de la taxonomía y juzgó la severidad de las estrategias a través de un estudio Delphi. El abuso psicológico en grupos es definido por la aplicación de estrategias abusivas, su duración continuada y su objetivo último, el sometimiento del individuo. La taxonomía mostró una adecuada validez de contenido. El juicio de expertos permitió jerarquizar las estrategias en función de su severidad, siendo las más severas aquellas que inciden en el ámbito emocional. Operativizar, clasificar y jerarquizar las estrategias contribuye a una mejor delimitación del fenómeno, útil tanto en el campo académico como en el aplicado (AU)

Taxonomy and hierarchy of psychological abuse strategies in intimate partner relationships / Taxonomía y jerarquización de las estrategias de abuso psicológico en la violencia de pareja

Este estudio se centra en analizar los componentes del abuso psicológico en la violencia de pareja desde un enfoque psicosocial. Tras realizar una revisión de los estudios sobre el tema, se plantea como primer objetivo el proponer una nueva taxonomía de estrategias de abuso psicológico, acompañadas de sus respectivas definiciones operativas. A partir de esta nueva clasificación, se traza un segundo objetivo que se centra en someter esta clasificación al juicio de un grupo de expertos a través de un estudio Delphi, en el que han participado 32 expertos de los ámbitos académico-universitario y profesional. Estos expertos debían juzgar la adecuación del sistema de categorías, además de evaluar cuantitativamente la severidad que aporta cada una de las estrategias al fenómeno global del abuso psicológico en la pareja. Los resultados muestran que los expertos ratifican la nueva clasificación de estrategias y sus definiciones operativas, avalando así su validez de contenido y constructo. Además, jerarquizaron las estrategias de abuso, atribuyendo mayor severidad a las de tipo emocional, seguidas de las relacionadas con el contexto cercano, de las de tipo cognitivo y, por último, las de tipo conductual. Finalmente se discuten los resultados, sus limitaciones y las implicaciones que pueden derivarse de ellos

Taking a psychosocial perspective this study analyses the components of psychological abuse in intimate adult partner violence against women. Following a review of studies on the subject the main objective that emerged was the need for a new taxonomy of psychological abuse strategies, one which should include their corresponding operational definitions. The proposed new classification was then evaluated by means of a Delphi study involving 32 experts from the academic and professional worlds. These experts were asked to assess the suitability of the system categories and to rate the severity of the impact made by each of the strategies on the global phenomenon of psychological abuse in couples. The results show that the experts ratified the new classification of strategies and the corresponding operational definitions, thereby endorsing their content and construct validity. When rating the strategies according to the severity of their impact, those of an emotional nature were considered the most severe, followed by those related to the immediate context, those of a cognitive nature and, finally, behavioural strategies. We discuss the results and their implications

Taxonomy of the psychosocial consequences caused by the violence of persecution of ETA's network.

This paper delimits and analyzes the effects of the harassment perpetrated by ETA's terrorist network in the Basque Country. The aim was to provide a taxonomy of the consequences of psychological violence and to validate this taxonomy, by means of a content analysis of 37 testimonies of victims of terrorist violence. The taxonomy of consequences of psychological violence is made up by four components: 1. the effects on the context of the persons affected, 2. on their emotional state, 3. on cognition and 4. on behavior. Results show a predominance of contextual consequences and negative cognitions. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability analysis showed high stability and reproducibility coefficients. This study shows that harassment and psychological violence have major consequences not only for victims but also for family members, threatened collectives and even the society as a whole.

Taxomy of the psychosocial consequences caused by the violence of persecution of ET´s network

This paper delimits and analyzes the effects of the harassment perpetrated by ETA’s terrorist network in the Basque Country. The aim was to provide a taxonomy of the consequences of psychological violence and to validate this taxonomy, by means of a content analysis of 37 testimonies of victims of terrorist violence. The taxonomy of consequences of psychological violence is made up by four components: 1. the effects on the context of the persons affected, 2. on their emotional state, 3. on cognition and 4. on behavior. Results show a predominance of contextual consequences and negative cognitions. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability analysis showed high stability and reproducibility coefficients. This study shows that harassment and psychological violence have major consequences not only for victims but also for family members, threatened collectives and even the society as a whole (AU)

Este estudio delimita y analiza los efectos del acoso aplicado por el entramado terrorista de ETA en el País Vasco. El objetivo consiste en aportar una taxonomía de las consecuencias de la violencia psicológica y validar esta taxonomía, mediante un análisis de contenido de 37 testimonios de víctimas de la violencia terrorista. La taxonomía de consecuencias de la violencia psicológica se encuentra formada por cuatro componentes: 1. los efectos sobre el contexto de las personas afectadas, 2. sobre su estado emocional, 3. sobre la cognición y 4. sobre la conducta. Los resultados muestran una predominancia de las consecuencias contextuales y las cogniciones negativas. El análisis de la fiabilidad intraobservador e interobservador muestra unos adecuados coeficientes de estabilidad y reproducibilidad. Este estudio muestra que el acoso y la violencia psicológica tienen grandes consecuencias no solo para las víctimas sino para los familiares, los colectivos amenazados y para el conjunto de la sociedad (AU)

Categorization and hierarchy of workplace bullying strategies: a Delphi survey.

This paper reports a study of the characteristics of psychological abuse strategies deployed in the workplace (mobbing or workplace bullying). Based on a literature review, the aim of the present study is two fold: firstly to propose a new taxonomy of mobbing strategies and to provide an operational definition for each of them, and secondly, to assess this taxonomy with the aid of several experts, by using a Delphi survey, and to evaluate the severity of each of the mobbing strategies. The experts were asked to evaluate the adequacy and the severity of the definitions for each mobbing strategy. Thirty experts working in various professions (psychology, medicine, law, sociology, etc.) participated in a two-round Delphi survey. The experts estimated that the new taxonomy and the operational definitions were appropriate, establishing content and construct validity. They ranked the workplace bullying strategies in terms of descending importance: strategies of direct nature, followed by indirect strategies. Theoretical implications of the study, its limitations and future research are discussed.

Categorization and hierarchy of workplace bullying strategies: a delphi survey

This paper reports a study of the characteristics of psychological abuse strategies deployed in the workplace (mobbing or workplace bullying). Based on a literature review, the aim of the present study is two fold: firstly to propose a new taxonomy of mobbing strategies and to provide an operational definition for each of them, and secondly, to assess this taxonomy with the aid of several experts, by using a Delphi survey, and to evaluate the severity of each of the mobbing strategies. The experts were asked to evaluate the adequacy and the severity of the definitions for each mobbing strategy. Thirty experts working in various professions (psychology, medicine, law, sociology, etc.) participated in a two-round Delphi survey. The experts estimated that the new taxonomy and the operational definitions were appropriate, establishing content and construct validity. They ranked the workplace bullying strategies in terms of descending importance: strategies of direct nature, followed by indirect strategies. Theoretical implications of the study, its limitations and future research are discussed (AU)

Este estudio psicosocial analiza las estrategias de abuso psicológico que se aplican en el lugar de trabajo (mobbing o bullying laboral). A partir de una revisión de la literatura científica, el primer objetivo pretende proponer una nueva clasificación de las estrategias del mobbing y dotar de una definición operativa a cada una de dichas estrategias. El segundo objetivo trata de evaluar esta clasificación y la severidad de las estrategias de mobbing a través del juicio de un panel de expertos utilizando para ello un estudio Delphi. Los expertos tuvieron que juzgar la adecuación de las estrategias y sus definiciones, y evaluar cuantitativamente la severidad de cada estrategia en el conjunto del mobbing. Treinta expertos de diferentes profesiones (psicólogos, médicos, abogados, sociólogos, etc.) participaron en el estudio Delphi de dos pasaciones. Los expertos juzgaron la nueva categorización y sus definiciones operativas como apropiadas estableciendo de este modo, validez de contenido y de constructo. Además, jerarquizaron las estrategias de mobbing resultando en su conjunto con mayor severidad las de naturaleza más directa, por encima de aquéllas más indirectas. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados y las limitaciones de esta investigación, así como las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas que pueden derivarse de ella (AU)

Strategies of psychological terrorism perpetrated by ETA's network: delimitation and classification.

This paper defines and analyzes the harassment perpetrated by ETA's terrorist network in the Basque Country, providing a taxonomy of its strategies of psychological violence. The usefulness of this taxonomy has been tested and contrasted by means of a content analysis of 19 testimonies of persons who were the victims of violence by the terrorist network. The taxonomy of strategies of psychological violence is made up of four dimensions that emphasize the actions on the context of the persons affected, and on their emotional state, cognitions, and behaviour. Results show the predominance of emotional and cognitive strategies. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability analysis in coding showed a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of .92 and .87, respectively. The psychological violence analyzed in this study reflects a form of psychological terrorism that harasses and persecutes a specific sector of the population.

Strategies of psychological terrorism perpetrated by ETA’s network: Delimitation and classification / Estrategias del terrorismo psicológico aplicado por el entramado de ETA: delimitación y clasificación

This paper defines and analyzes the harassment perpetrated by ETA’s terrorist network in the Basque Country, providing a taxonomy of its strategies of psychological violence. The usefulness of this taxonomy has been tested and contrasted by means of a content analysis of 19 testimonies of persons who were the victims of violence by the terrorist network. The taxonomy of strategies of psychological violence is made up of four dimensions that emphasize the actions on the context of the persons affected, and on their emotional state, cognitions, and behaviour. Results show the predominance of emotional and cognitive strategies. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability analysis in coding showed a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of .92 and .87, respectively. The psychological violence analyzed in this study reflects a form of psychological terrorism that harasses and persecutes a specific sector of the population (AU)

Este estudio delimita y analiza el acoso aplicado por el entramado terrorista de ETA en el País Vasco, aportando para ello una taxonomía de sus estrategias de violencia psicológica. La utilidad de la mencionada clasificación ha sido probada y contrastada mediante un análisis de contenido de 19 testimonios de personas que han sido víctimas de la violencia del entramado terrorista. La taxonomía del conjunto de estrategias de violencia psicológica está compuesta por cuatro dimensiones, que enfatizan respectivamente la acción sobre el contexto cercano del individuo, sobre sus emociones, sus cogniciones y sobre su misma conducta. Los resultados muestran la predominancia de las estrategias de tipo emocional y cognitivo. El análisis de la fiabilidad intraobservador e interobservador en la codificación mostró un coeficiente Kappa de Cohen de .92 y .87, respectivamente. La violencia psicológica analizada en este estudio refleja un tipo de terrorismo psicológico que acosa y persigue a un sector específico de la población (AU)